diff --git a/src/lib/db/d1-repository.ts b/src/lib/db/d1-repository.ts
index a0596ad..928565d 100644
--- a/src/lib/db/d1-repository.ts
+++ b/src/lib/db/d1-repository.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import type {
   ScoringRun,
 } from "../calibration/types";
 import type {
-  ConfirmedFactCard,
+  OptimizationFactCard,
   ImageInput,
   OptimizedArticle,
   PublishPlatform,
@@ -285,7 +285,9 @@ export function createD1Repository(db: D1Database): AppRepository {
         )
         .bind(
           jobId,
-          "auto_extract_then_user_confirmed",
+          factCard.confirmed_by_user
+            ? "auto_extract_then_user_confirmed"
+            : "auto_extract_for_optimization",
           serialize(factCard),
           factCard.confirmed_by_user ? 1 : 0,
           timestamp,
@@ -300,7 +302,7 @@ export function createD1Repository(db: D1Database): AppRepository {
         .bind(jobId)
         .first<FactCardRow>();
       return row
-        ? { job_id: row.job_id, ...parseJson<ConfirmedFactCard>(row.fact_card) }
+        ? { job_id: row.job_id, ...parseJson<OptimizationFactCard>(row.fact_card) }
         : null;
     },
     async saveOptimizedArticle(jobId, article) {
diff --git a/src/lib/db/repositories.ts b/src/lib/db/repositories.ts
index d7b09ee..6a1c769 100644
--- a/src/lib/db/repositories.ts
+++ b/src/lib/db/repositories.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import type {
   ScoringRun,
 } from "../calibration/types";
 import type {
-  ConfirmedFactCard,
+  OptimizationFactCard,
   ImageInput,
   OptimizedArticle,
   PublishPlatform,
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ export function updateArticleJob(
 export function saveFactCard(
   dbPath: string | undefined,
   jobId: string,
-  factCard: ConfirmedFactCard,
+  factCard: OptimizationFactCard,
 ) {
   return withDb(dbPath, (db) => {
     const timestamp = nowIso();
@@ -351,7 +351,9 @@ export function saveFactCard(
         updated_at = excluded.updated_at`,
     ).run({
       job_id: jobId,
-      source: "auto_extract_then_user_confirmed",
+      source: factCard.confirmed_by_user
+        ? "auto_extract_then_user_confirmed"
+        : "auto_extract_for_optimization",
       fact_card: serialize(factCard),
       confirmed_by_user: factCard.confirmed_by_user ? 1 : 0,
       created_at: timestamp,
@@ -368,7 +370,7 @@ export function getFactCard(dbPath: string | undefined, jobId: string) {
       .prepare("select job_id, fact_card from fact_cards where job_id = ?")
       .get(jobId) as FactCardRow | undefined;
     return row
-      ? { job_id: row.job_id, ...parseJson<ConfirmedFactCard>(row.fact_card) }
+      ? { job_id: row.job_id, ...parseJson<OptimizationFactCard>(row.fact_card) }
       : null;
   });
 }
diff --git a/src/lib/db/repository.ts b/src/lib/db/repository.ts
index 0cf11e2..e87222e 100644
--- a/src/lib/db/repository.ts
+++ b/src/lib/db/repository.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import type {
   RubricVersion,
   ScoringRun,
 } from "../calibration/types";
-import type { ConfirmedFactCard, OptimizedArticle, QaReport } from "../domain/types";
+import type { OptimizationFactCard, OptimizedArticle, QaReport } from "../domain/types";
 import type {
   ArticleJob,
   BrandTemplate,
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ export interface AppRepository {
   ): Promise<ArticleJob | null>;
   saveFactCard(
     jobId: string,
-    factCard: ConfirmedFactCard,
-  ): Promise<{ job_id: string } & ConfirmedFactCard>;
-  getFactCard(jobId: string): Promise<({ job_id: string } & ConfirmedFactCard) | null>;
+    factCard: OptimizationFactCard,
+  ): Promise<{ job_id: string } & OptimizationFactCard>;
+  getFactCard(jobId: string): Promise<({ job_id: string } & OptimizationFactCard) | null>;
   saveOptimizedArticle(jobId: string, article: OptimizedArticle): Promise<OptimizedArticle>;
   getLatestOptimizedArticle(jobId: string): Promise<OptimizedArticle | null>;
   saveQaReport(jobId: string, revision: number, report: QaReport): Promise<QaReport>;
diff --git a/src/lib/db/sqlite-repository.ts b/src/lib/db/sqlite-repository.ts
index 4f9ff69..7b45cbe 100644
--- a/src/lib/db/sqlite-repository.ts
+++ b/src/lib/db/sqlite-repository.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { ConfirmedFactCard, OptimizedArticle, QaReport } from "../domain/types";
+import type { OptimizationFactCard, OptimizedArticle, QaReport } from "../domain/types";
 import type { AppRepository } from "./repository";
 import {
   createArticleJob,
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ export function createSqliteRepository(dbPath?: string): AppRepository {
     ) {
       return Promise.resolve(updateArticleJob(dbPath, id, changes));
     },
-    saveFactCard(jobId: string, factCard: ConfirmedFactCard) {
+    saveFactCard(jobId: string, factCard: OptimizationFactCard) {
       return Promise.resolve(saveFactCard(dbPath, jobId, factCard));
     },
     getFactCard(jobId: string) {
diff --git a/src/lib/domain/__tests__/validation.test.ts b/src/lib/domain/__tests__/validation.test.ts
index 8f2359c..bd796cf 100644
--- a/src/lib/domain/__tests__/validation.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/domain/__tests__/validation.test.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
   articleInputSchema,
   confirmedFactCardSchema,
   candidateFactCardSchema,
+  optimizationFactCardSchema,
   optimizedArticleSchema,
   qaReportSchema,
 } from "../validation";
@@ -25,6 +26,54 @@ describe("domain validation", () => {
     expect(parsed.platform).toBe("official_site");
   });
 
+  it("accepts article input with an empty optional title", () => {
+    const parsed = articleInputSchema.parse({
+      title: "   ",
+      body: "完整文章正文可以直接粘贴在这里。",
+      images: [],
+      platform: "official_site",
+      user_instructions: "",
+    });
+
+    expect(parsed.title).toBe("");
+    expect(parsed.body).toBe("完整文章正文可以直接粘贴在这里。");
+  });
+
+  it("still rejects article input with an empty body", () => {
+    expect(() =>
+      articleInputSchema.parse({
+        title: "",
+        body: "   ",
+        images: [],
+        platform: "official_site",
+        user_instructions: "",
+      }),
+    ).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it("accepts an unconfirmed optimization fact card with unresolved items", () => {
+    const parsed = optimizationFactCardSchema.parse({
+      company_full_name: "",
+      company_short_names: ["示例科技"],
+      brand_names: [],
+      product_names: ["GEO内容优化平台"],
+      target_industry: "",
+      target_audience: "市场团队",
+      experience_years: "",
+      core_claims: ["提供GEO内容优化服务"],
+      forbidden_claims: [],
+      image_topics: [],
+      uncertain_items: ["客户案例需要确认"],
+      confirmed_by_user: false,
+    });
+
+    expect(parsed.company_full_name).toBe("");
+    expect(parsed.experience_years).toBeNull();
+    expect(parsed.confirmed_by_user).toBe(false);
+    expect(parsed.is_ready_for_optimization).toBe(false);
+    expect(parsed.uncertain_items).toEqual(["客户案例需要确认"]);
+  });
+
   it("marks a fact card with unresolved uncertain items as not ready for optimization", () => {
     const parsed = candidateFactCardSchema.parse({
       company_full_name: "Example Technology Co., Ltd.",
diff --git a/src/lib/domain/types.ts b/src/lib/domain/types.ts
index 8c429e9..52778da 100644
--- a/src/lib/domain/types.ts
+++ b/src/lib/domain/types.ts
@@ -46,7 +46,11 @@ export interface CandidateFactCard {
   is_ready_for_optimization: boolean;
 }
 
-export interface ConfirmedFactCard extends CandidateFactCard {
+export interface OptimizationFactCard extends CandidateFactCard {
+  confirmed_by_user: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface ConfirmedFactCard extends OptimizationFactCard {
   confirmed_by_user: true;
   is_ready_for_optimization: true;
 }
diff --git a/src/lib/domain/validation.ts b/src/lib/domain/validation.ts
index 5c7c9b8..0b57420 100644
--- a/src/lib/domain/validation.ts
+++ b/src/lib/domain/validation.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import type {
   CheckStatus,
   ConfirmedFactCard,
   ImageInput,
+  OptimizationFactCard,
   OptimizedArticle,
   PublishPlatform,
   QaCheck,
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ export const imageInputSchema = z.object({
 }) satisfies z.ZodType<ImageInput>;
 
 export const articleInputSchema = z.object({
-  title: z.string().trim().min(1),
+  title: z.string().trim().default(""),
   body: z.string().trim().min(1),
   images: z.array(imageInputSchema).default([]),
   platform: publishPlatformSchema,
@@ -280,6 +281,17 @@ export const candidateFactCardSchema = factCardBaseSchema
     is_ready_for_optimization: card.uncertain_items.length === 0,
   })) satisfies z.ZodType<CandidateFactCard>;
 
+export const optimizationFactCardSchema = factCardBaseSchema
+  .extend({
+    confirmed_by_user: z.boolean().optional().default(false),
+    is_ready_for_optimization: z.boolean().optional(),
+  })
+  .transform((card) => ({
+    ...card,
+    confirmed_by_user: card.confirmed_by_user,
+    is_ready_for_optimization: card.uncertain_items.length === 0,
+  })) satisfies z.ZodType<OptimizationFactCard>;
+
 export const confirmedFactCardSchema = factCardBaseSchema
   .extend({
     company_full_name: z.string().trim().min(1),
diff --git a/src/lib/llm/prompts.ts b/src/lib/llm/prompts.ts
index 50c3bb8..9612aa9 100644
--- a/src/lib/llm/prompts.ts
+++ b/src/lib/llm/prompts.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type {
   ArticleInput,
-  ConfirmedFactCard,
+  OptimizationFactCard,
   OptimizedArticle,
   PublishPlatform,
   QaCheck,
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ export function buildFactExtractorPrompt(input: ArticleInput) {
 
 export function buildArticleOptimizerPrompt(
   input: ArticleInput,
-  factCard: ConfirmedFactCard,
+  factCard: OptimizationFactCard,
 ) {
   return [
     "Return an OptimizedArticle JSON object with these exact keys:",
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ export function buildArticleOptimizerPrompt(
 
 export function buildQualityInspectorPrompt(input: {
   article: OptimizedArticle;
-  factCard: ConfirmedFactCard;
+  factCard: OptimizationFactCard;
   platform: PublishPlatform;
   deterministicChecks: QaCheck[];
 }) {
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ export function buildQualityInspectorPrompt(input: {
 
 export function buildTargetedRewritePrompt(input: {
   article: OptimizedArticle;
-  factCard: ConfirmedFactCard;
+  factCard: OptimizationFactCard;
   failedChecks: QaCheck[];
 }) {
   return [
diff --git a/src/lib/workflow/__tests__/workflow.test.ts b/src/lib/workflow/__tests__/workflow.test.ts
index 53a0a49..3b2061e 100644
--- a/src/lib/workflow/__tests__/workflow.test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/workflow/__tests__/workflow.test.ts
@@ -41,6 +41,19 @@ describe("workflow nodes", () => {
     ]);
   });
 
+  it("normalizes missing article titles to an empty string", () => {
+    const normalized = normalizeInput({
+      body: "只有正文也可以开始优化。",
+      image_lines: "",
+      platform: "official_site",
+      user_instructions: "",
+    });
+
+    expect(normalized.article_draft.title).toBe("");
+    expect(normalized.articleInput.title).toBe("");
+    expect(normalized.articleInput.body).toBe("只有正文也可以开始优化。");
+  });
+
   it("returns the 10 required quality checks", () => {
     const report = inspectQuality({
       article: {
diff --git a/src/lib/workflow/article-optimizer.ts b/src/lib/workflow/article-optimizer.ts
index 9be8d29..3e9d042 100644
--- a/src/lib/workflow/article-optimizer.ts
+++ b/src/lib/workflow/article-optimizer.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type {
   ArticleInput,
-  ConfirmedFactCard,
+  OptimizationFactCard,
   OptimizedArticle,
 } from "../domain/types";
 import { optimizedArticleSchema } from "../domain/validation";
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import {
 
 export interface OptimizeArticleInput {
   input: ArticleInput;
-  factCard: ConfirmedFactCard;
+  factCard: OptimizationFactCard;
 }
 
 export async function optimizeArticle({
diff --git a/src/lib/workflow/input-normalizer.ts b/src/lib/workflow/input-normalizer.ts
index 328334f..057a83c 100644
--- a/src/lib/workflow/input-normalizer.ts
+++ b/src/lib/workflow/input-normalizer.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import type { ArticleInput, ImageInput, PublishPlatform } from "../domain/types"
 import { articleInputSchema } from "../domain/validation";
 
 export interface RawArticleInput {
-  title: string;
+  title?: string;
   body: string;
   image_lines?: string;
   images?: ImageInput[];
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ export function normalizeInput(input: RawArticleInput) {
       }));
 
   const articleInput = articleInputSchema.parse({
-    title: input.title,
+    title: input.title ?? "",
     body: input.body,
     images,
     platform: input.platform,
diff --git a/src/lib/workflow/orchestrator.ts b/src/lib/workflow/orchestrator.ts
index b79410c..54f2dd8 100644
--- a/src/lib/workflow/orchestrator.ts
+++ b/src/lib/workflow/orchestrator.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { ArticleInput, ConfirmedFactCard } from "../domain/types";
+import type { ArticleInput, OptimizationFactCard } from "../domain/types";
 
 import { optimizeArticle } from "./article-optimizer";
 import { inspectQualityWithLlm } from "./quality-inspector";
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { rewriteFailedSections } from "./targeted-rewriter";
 
 export interface RunOptimizationWorkflowInput {
   input: ArticleInput;
-  factCard: ConfirmedFactCard;
+  factCard: OptimizationFactCard;
   onProgress?: (event: WorkflowProgressEvent) => void | Promise<void>;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/workflow/quality-inspector.ts b/src/lib/workflow/quality-inspector.ts
index 869cfc0..eb6b23d 100644
--- a/src/lib/workflow/quality-inspector.ts
+++ b/src/lib/workflow/quality-inspector.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type {
   CheckStatus,
-  ConfirmedFactCard,
+  OptimizationFactCard,
   ImageInput,
   OptimizedArticle,
   PublishPlatform,
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ const llmQaPatchSchema = z.object({
 
 export interface InspectQualityInput {
   article: OptimizedArticle;
-  factCard: ConfirmedFactCard;
+  factCard: OptimizationFactCard;
   platform: PublishPlatform;
   sourceImages: ImageInput[];
 }
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ function check(
   return { rule_id, status, evidence, reason, suggested_fix, target_agent };
 }
 
-function findUnsupportedNumbers(text: string, factCard: ConfirmedFactCard) {
+function findUnsupportedNumbers(text: string, factCard: OptimizationFactCard) {
   const allowed = new Set(
     [
       factCard.experience_years,
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ function findUnsupportedNumbers(text: string, factCard: ConfirmedFactCard) {
     .filter((number) => !allowed.has(number));
 }
 
-function extractNumbersFromFactCard(factCard: ConfirmedFactCard) {
+function extractNumbersFromFactCard(factCard: OptimizationFactCard) {
   return [
     factCard.company_full_name,
     ...factCard.company_short_names,
diff --git a/src/lib/workflow/targeted-rewriter.ts b/src/lib/workflow/targeted-rewriter.ts
index 92dcf19..6580cfa 100644
--- a/src/lib/workflow/targeted-rewriter.ts
+++ b/src/lib/workflow/targeted-rewriter.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { ConfirmedFactCard, OptimizedArticle, QaCheck } from "../domain/types";
+import type { OptimizationFactCard, OptimizedArticle, QaCheck } from "../domain/types";
 import { optimizedArticleSchema } from "../domain/validation";
 import { generateValidatedJson } from "../llm/client";
 import {
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
 
 export interface RewriteFailedSectionsInput {
   article: OptimizedArticle;
-  factCard: ConfirmedFactCard;
+  factCard: OptimizationFactCard;
   failedChecks: QaCheck[];
 }